There’s no getting around it – PMS just plain stinks. People all over the globe experience premenstrual syndrome, which affects up to 75 percent of people who menstruate. While some people report only mild effects of PMS, others have severe symptoms including intense shifts of mood, pain, fatigue, headache, weight gain, and changes in bowel habits.
Diet changes to consider that may help with symptoms of PMS
As you may have experienced, your life can turn upside down when Aunt Flo is in town! So when ibuprofen won’t cut it, you might begin to wonder if changes to your diet can make things better. Here’s what we know about how diet can help with PMS symptoms.
For a better mood: Add more omega-3 fatty acids
Essential fatty acids may play a role in improving cognition, mood, and other PMS symptoms. But before you run out to buy supplements, you should know that science on the topic is mixed. One study showed that after 90 days of supplementation, participants taking two grams of omega-3’s had improved depression, anxiety, nervousness, concentration, and bloating when compared to a placebo group. In another recent study, symptom improvements were seen in both the treatment and control groups with no significant difference.
Since the jury is still out on how much to supplement for PMS, a better idea is to mix healthy fats into your diet. Regularly eating foods like fish, fortified eggs, walnuts, flaxseed, and vegetable oils provide the omega-3’s your body needs. It can be as easy as switching from butter to olive oil, throwing some flax meal into your smoothie, or topping a salad with some nuts.
For weight gain and bloat: Say no to salty foods
Do you find yourself wearing bigger sized pants with PMS, and feeling uncomfortably full? Then you should consider where there may be sources of sodium in your diet – especially hidden ones. Processed foods are the largest source of salt in the diet, and we aren’t just talking about chips and fast food.
Sandwich bread, deli meats, soups, and takeout meals are among the top ten sources of salt, and can worsen the water retention that makes you feel weighed down and tired. Instead, focus on foods that help rid you of the bloat, like fiber-full veggies. And, as always, plenty of hydration should help.
To keep you satisfied and energized: Add more protein and complex carbs
When PMS cravings come knocking, be prepared to answer with a healthy snack. Pairing protein with a carbohydrate will maximize fullness and give you long-lasting energy. For example, try Greek yogurt with fruit, cottage cheese with whole grain crackers, unsalted nuts with popcorn, or tuna salad in a whole wheat pita. Having something nutritious to enjoy between meals can manage your appetite and fight the fatigue.
For headaches: Mind the magnesium
You may not need another reason to enjoy dark chocolate, but I’ll give you one! It is a rich source of magnesium which can help improve menstrual migraines. Other foods abundant in magnesium include nuts like almonds and cashews, dark leafy greens like spinach and swiss chard, and legumes including edamame, black beans, and peanuts. For those with severe migraines, talk with your doctor about whether supplements are recommended.
While changes to diet can help some people lessen their symptoms, it’s not all in your head if symptoms don’t improve without medical intervention. Your OBGYN provider should be a great source of information and support as you navigate any symptoms that impact your ability to enjoy your day to day life.
Reviewed by the Ovia Health Clinical Team
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Sources
- Behboudi-Gandevani S, Hariri FZ, Moghaddam-Banaem L. “The effect of omega 3 fatty acid supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health-related quality of life: a randomized clinical trial.” J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2017 Jul 14:1-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28707491.
- Grosso, et al. “Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Depression: Scientific Evidence and Biological Mechanisms.” Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014; 2014:313570. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2014/313570/.
- Maasumi K, Tepper SJ, Kriegler JS. “Menstrual Migraine and Treatment Options: Review. Headache.” 2017 Feb;57(2):194-208. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/head.12978/abstract.
- Sohrabi N, et al. “Evaluation of the effect of omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: ‘a pilot trial.’” Complement Ther Med. 2013 Jun;21(3):141-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23642943.
- Yonkers, K, et al. “Epidemiology and pathogenesis of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder.” Up To Date. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-and-pathogenesis-of-premenstrual-syndrome-and-premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder. Accessed August 14, 2017.
- “Top 10 Sources of Sodium.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/salt/sources.htm. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
